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GSO IEC 61936-1:2023
GSO - Cover page
Gulf Foreword
IEC - Cover page
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
 3.1 General definitions
 3.2 Definitions concerning electrical power installations
 3.3 Definitions concerning types of electrical power installations
 3.4 Definitions concerning safety measures against electric shock
 3.5 Definitions concerning clearances
 3.6 Definitions concerning control and protection
 3.7 Definitions concerning earthing
4 Fundamental requirements
 4.1 General
  4.1.1 General requirements
  4.1.2 Agreements between supplier and user
 4.2 Electrical requirements
  4.2.1 Methods of neutral earthing
  4.2.2 Voltage classification
  4.2.3 Current in normal operation
  4.2.4 Short-circuit current
  4.2.5 Rated frequency
  4.2.6 Corona
  4.2.7 Electric and magnetic fields
  4.2.8 Overvoltages
  4.2.9 Harmonics
  4.2.10 Electromagnetic compatibility
 4.3 Mechanical requirements
  4.3.1 General
  4.3.2 Tension load
  4.3.3 Erection load
  4.3.4 Ice load
  4.3.5 Wind load
  4.3.6 Switching forces
  4.3.7 Short-circuit forces
  4.3.8 Loss of conductor tension
  4.3.9 Seismic loads
  4.3.10 Dimensioning of structures
 4.4 Climatic and environmental conditions
  4.4.1 General
  4.4.2 Normal conditions
  4.4.3 Special conditions
 4.5 Particular requirements
  4.5.1 Effects of small animals and micro-organisms
  4.5.2 Noise level
  4.5.3 Transport
5 Insulation
 5.1 General
 5.2 Selection of insulation level
  5.2.1 General
  5.2.2 Consideration of methods of neutral earthing
  5.2.3 Consideration of rated withstand voltages
 5.3 Verification of withstand values
 5.4 Minimum clearances of live parts
  5.4.1 General
  5.4.2 Minimum clearances in voltage range I
  5.4.3 Minimum clearances in voltage range II
 5.5 Minimum clearances between parts under special conditions
 5.6 Tested connection zones
6 Electrical equipment
 6.1 General requirements
  6.1.1 Electrical equipment safety
  6.1.2 User safety
 6.2 Specific requirements
  6.2.1 Switching devices
  6.2.2 Power transformers and reactors
  6.2.3 Prefabricated type-tested switchgear
  6.2.4 Instrument transformers
  6.2.5 Surge arresters
  6.2.6 Capacitors
  6.2.7 Line traps
  6.2.8 Insulators
  6.2.9 Insulated cables
  6.2.10 Conductors and accessories
  6.2.11 Rotating electrical machines
  6.2.12 Generating units
  6.2.13 Generating unit main connections
  6.2.14 Static converters
  6.2.15 Fuses
  6.2.16 Electrical and mechanical interlocking
7 Electrical power installations
 7.1 General
  7.1.1 Common requirements
  7.1.2 Circuit arrangement
  7.1.3 Documentation
  7.1.4 Transport routes
  7.1.5 Aisles and access areas
  7.1.6 Lighting
  7.1.7 Operational safety
  7.1.8 Labelling
 7.2 Outdoor electrical power installations of open design
  7.2.1 General
  7.2.2 Protective barrier clearances
  7.2.3 Protective obstacle clearances
  7.2.4 Boundary clearances
  7.2.5 Minimum height over access area
  7.2.6 Clearances to buildings
  7.2.7 External fences or walls and access doors
 7.3 Indoor electrical power installations of open design
 7.4 Installation of prefabricated type-tested switchgear
  7.4.1 General
  7.4.2 Additional requirements for gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear
 7.5 Requirements for buildings
  7.5.1 General
  7.5.2 Structural provisions
  7.5.3 Rooms for switchgear
  7.5.4 Maintenance and operating areas
  7.5.5 Doors
  7.5.6 Draining of insulating liquids
  7.5.7 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
  7.5.8 Buildings which require special consideration
 7.6 High voltage/low voltage prefabricated substations
 7.7 Electrical power installations on mast, pole and tower
8 Safety measures
 8.1 General
 8.2 Protection against direct contact
  8.2.1 General
  8.2.2 Measures for protection against direct contact
  8.2.3 Protection requirements
 8.3 Means to protect persons in case of indirect contact
 8.4 Means to protect persons working on or near electrical power installations
  8.4.1 General
  8.4.2 Electrical equipment for isolating installations or apparatus
  8.4.3 Devices to prevent reclosing of isolating devices
  8.4.4 Devices for determining the de-energized state
  8.4.5 Devices for earthing and short-circuiting
  8.4.6 Equipment acting as protective barriers against adjacent live parts
  8.4.7 Storage of personal protection equipment
 8.5 Protection from danger resulting from arc fault
 8.6 Protection against direct lightning strokes
 8.7 Protection against fire
  8.7.1 General
  8.7.2 Transformers, reactors
  8.7.3 Cables
  8.7.4 Other equipment with flammable liquid
 8.8 Protection against leakage of insulating liquid and SF6
  8.8.1 Insulating liquid leakage and subsoil water protection
  8.8.2 SF6 leakage
  8.8.3 Failure with loss of SF6 and its decomposition products
 8.9 Identification and marking
  8.9.1 General
  8.9.2 Information plates and warning plates
  8.9.3 Electrical hazard warning
  8.9.4 Electrical power installations with incorporated capacitors
  8.9.5 Emergency signs for emergency exits
  8.9.6 Cable identification marks
9 Protection, automation and auxiliary systems
 9.1 Protection systems
 9.2 Automation systems
 9.3 Auxiliary systems
  9.3.1 AC and DC supply circuits
  9.3.2 Compressed air systems
  9.3.3 SF6 gas handling plants
  9.3.4 Hydrogen handling plants
 9.4 Basic rules for electromagnetic compatibility of control systems
  9.4.1 General
  9.4.2 Electrical noise sources in electrical power installations
  9.4.3 Measures to be taken to reduce the effects of high frequency interference
  9.4.4 Measures to be taken to reduce the effects of low frequency interference
  9.4.5 Measures related to the selection of electrical equipment
  9.4.6 Other possible measures to reduce the effects of interference
10 Earthing systems
 10.1 General
 10.2 Fundamental requirements
  10.2.1 Safety criteria
  10.2.2 Functional requirements
  10.2.3 High and low voltage earthing systems
 10.3 Design of earthing systems
  10.3.1 General
  10.3.2 Power system faults
  10.3.3 Lightning and transient overvoltages
 10.4 Construction work on earthing systems
 10.5 Measurements
 10.6 Maintainability
  10.6.1 Inspections
  10.6.2 Measurements
11 Inspection and testing
 11.1 General
 11.2 Verification of specified performances
 11.3 Tests during installation and commissioning
 11.4 Trial running
12 Operation and maintenance manual
Annex A (informative) Values of rated insulation levels and minimum clearances based on current practice in some countries
Annex B (normative) Method of calculating permissible touch voltages
Annex C (normative) Permissible touch voltage according to IEEE 80
Annex D (normative) Earthing system design flow chart
Annex E (informative) Protection measures against direct lightning strokes
Annex F (informative) Considerations of design for safe working
Annex G (informative) List of notes concerning particular conditions in certain countries
Bibliography
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Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
GSO IEC 61936-1:2023Gulf Standard
GSO IEC 61936-1:2023
IEC 61936-1:2021
مواصفة قياسية خليجية
تركيبات القدرة التي تزيد عن 1 kV AC و 1.5 kV DC - الجزء 1: AC
Gulf Standard
Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC - Part 1: AC
ICS:
29.020 ; 29.080.01

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Fax: +966115208010 :فاكس
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Website: www.gso.org.sa :موقع ويب
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Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
GSO IEC 61936-1:2023Gulf Standard

Gulf Foreword

GCC Standardization Organization (GSO) is a regional organization which consists of the national standardization bodies of GCC member states. One of GSO main functions is to issue gulf standards and technical regulations through specialized technical committees.
GSO Technical Council in its meeting number (56) held on 24/02/1445 H, which corresponds to 10/09/2023, has approved the update of Gulf Standard GSO IEC 61936-1:2023 titled "Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC - Part 1: AC" in English language which was studied and adopted by endorsement from International Electrotechnical Commission Standard IEC 61936-1:2021 through the technical program of GSO Technical Committee for Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution Equipment (TC09) in SAUDI ARABIA schedule . This document will cancel and replace the Gulf Standard GSO IEC 61936-1:2011.
تقديم خليجي
هيئة التقييس لدول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية هيئة إقليمية تضم في عضويتها أجهزة التقييس الوطنية في الدول الأعضاء ، ومن مهام الهيئة إعداد المواصفات القياسية واللوائح الفنية الخليجية بواسطة لجان فنية متخصصة.
قرر المجلس الفني لهيئة التقييس لدول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية في الاجتماع الـ (56) بتاريخ 1445/02/24 هـ ،الموافق 2023/09/10م اعتماد تحديث المواصفة القياسية الخليجية رقم GSO IEC 61936-1:2023 وعنوانها "تركيبات القدرة التي تزيد عن 1 kV AC و 1.5 kV DC - الجزء 1: AC" باللغة الانجليزية التي تم دراستها وتبنيها بالمصادقة عن اللجنة الدولية الكهروتقنية رقم IEC 61936-1:2021 ضمن برنامج عمل اللجنة الفنية الخليجية لمواصفات معدات توليد ونقل وتوزيع الطاقة الكهربائية (TC09) المدرجة في خطة المملكة العربية السعودية . على أن تلغي وتحل محل المواصفة القياسية رقم GSO IEC 61936-1:2011 .
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Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
GSO IEC 61936-1:2023Gulf Standard
IEC 61936-1

INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

Edition 3.0  2021-07
Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC –
Part 1: AC
IEC 61936-1:2021 ED3
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Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
GSO IEC 61936-1:2023Gulf Standard
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTEDCopyright © 2021 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
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About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.
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Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
GSO IEC 61936-1:2023Gulf Standard
IEC 61936-1

INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

Edition 3.0  2021-07
Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC –
Part 1: AC

INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNCIAL

COMMISSION


ICS 29.020, 29.080.01ISBN 9782832298879Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.© Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
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Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
GSO IEC 61936-1:2023Gulf Standard
CONTENTS
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
International StandardIEC 61936-1:2021 ED3
Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC - Part 1: AC

FOREWORD

1)
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2)
The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees.
3)
IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
4)
In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5)
IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6)
All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7)
No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8)
Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9)
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61936–1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 99: Insulation co-ordination and system engineering of high voltage electrical power installations above 1,0 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010 and Amendment 1:2014. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a)
introduction has been rewritten to reflect the status when this document is produced;
b)
the scope has been improved to clarify the application of this document;
c)
missing and obsolete terms and definitions have been updated including improvement of existing terms;
d)
Table 1 has been updated where agreements between supplier and user are needed;
e)
requirements of electromagnetic compatibility have been clarified;
f)
insulation coordination clause (Clause 5) has improved wording for better clarity and the technical content has an updated coordination to the latest versions of the insulation coordination standards;
g)
wording regarding electrical equipment has been improved and made clearer;
h)
subclause for fuses has been improved and reworded;
i)
requirements have been added for labelling when multiple sources are required to be disconnected;
j)
missing requirements for GIS have been reintroduced;
k)
subclause regarding ventilation (HVAC) has been improved;
l)
figures in Clause 7 have been updated and moved to the corresponding subclause;
m)
requirements for transformer installations have been improved including adjustment of editorial typing-errors;
n)
clause on protection, automation and auxiliary systems has been restructured and improved;
o)
protection against lightning strokes has been extended;
p)
clarification of content due to the distinction between erection (and providing electrical safety for the intended use of the electrical power installation) and subsequent activities such as maintenance and repair with safe working procedures;
q)
where no provincial, national or regional regulations are available for safe working procedures, an informative guideline is provided in Annex F. This replaces the former parts of Figure 3 in Clause 7.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
99/311/FDIS 99/316/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61936 series, published under the general title Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC, can be found on the IEC website.
A document on principles to be observed in the preparation of safety publications regarding high voltage installations is currently under development (IEC TS 61936–0).
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the document will be
reconfirmed,
withdrawn,
replaced by a revised edition, or
amended.
The reader's attention is drawn to the fact that Annex G lists all of the "in-some-country" clauses on differing practices of a less permanent nature relating to the subject of this document.
IMPORTANTThe 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

INTRODUCTION

This part of IEC 61936 contains the minimum requirements for the design, erection, and verification of high voltage power installations greater than 1 kV AC. The rules are intended to provide for the safety of persons, livestock and property against dangers and damage which may arise in the reasonable use of such electrical installations and to provide for the proper functioning of those installations.
There are many provincial, national and regional laws, standards and internal rules dealing with the matter coming within the scope of this document regarding high voltage power installations. These practices have been taken as a basis for this work.
This third edition of IEC 61936–1, first published in 2001, follows worldwide feedback to improve clarity. It continues the effort to towards the alignment all over the world of practices concerning the design and erection of high voltage power installations.
Particular requirements for transmission and distribution installations, as well as particular requirements for power generation and industrial installations, are included in this document.
While national standards and regulations take precedence, jurisdictions may elect to adopt the requirements of this document.
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Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
GSO IEC 61936-1:2023Gulf Standard
International StandardIEC 61936-1:2021 ED3
Power installations exceeding 1 kV AC and 1,5 kV DC - Part 1: AC

1Scope

This part of IEC 61936 provides requirements for the design and the erection of electrical power installations in systems with nominal voltages exceeding 1 kV AC and nominal frequency up to and including 60 Hz, so as to provide safety and proper functioning for the use intended.
For the purpose of interpreting this document, an electrical power installation is considered to be one of the following:
a)
substation, including substation for railway power supply;
b)
electrical power installations on mast, pole and tower, switchgear and/or transformers located outside a closed electrical operating area;
c)
one (or more) power station(s) located on a single site, the electrical power installation includes generators and transformers with all associated switchgear and all electrical auxiliary systems. Connections between generating stations located on different sites are excluded;
d)
the electrical system of a factory, industrial plant or other industrial, agricultural, commercial or public premises;
e)
electrical power installations on offshore facilities for the purpose of generation, transmission, distribution and/or storage of electricity;
f)
transition towers/poles (between overhead lines and underground lines).
The electrical power installation includes, among others, the following equipment:
rotating electrical machines;
switchgear;
transformers and reactors;
converters;
cables;
wiring systems;
batteries;
capacitors;
earthing systems;
buildings and fences which are part of a closed electrical operating area;
associated protection, control and auxiliary systems;
large air core reactor.
NOTE 1In general, equipment standards take precedence over the requirements of this document.
This document does not apply to the design and erection of any of the following:
overhead and underground lines between separate electrical power installations;
electrified railway tracks and rolling stock;
mining equipment and installations;
fluorescent lamp installations;
installations on ships according to IEC 60092 (all parts) and offshore units according to IEC 61892 (all parts), which are used in the offshore petroleum industry for drilling, processing and storage purposes;
electrostatic equipment (e.g. electrostatic precipitators, spray-painting units);
test sites;
medical equipment, e.g. medical X-ray equipment.
This document does not apply to the design of prefabricated, type-tested switchgear and high voltage/low voltage prefabricated substation, for which separate IEC standards exist.
NOTE 2The scope of this document does not include the requirements for carrying out live working on electrical power installations.
NOTE 3The scope of this document considers safety requirements for HV installations and the influences of HV installations on LV installations. For electrical installations up to 1 kV, IEC 60364 (all parts) applies.

2Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60034–1, Rotating electrical machines – Part 1: Rating and performance
IEC 60060–1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements
IEC 60071–1:2019, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules
IEC 60071–2, Insulation co-ordination – Part 2: Application guidelines
IEC 60076 (all parts), Power transformers
IEC 60079–0, Explosive atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General requirements
IEC 60079–10–1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 10-1: Classification of areas – Explosive gas atmospheres
IEC 60079–10–2, Explosive atmospheres – Part 10-2: Classification of areas – Explosive dust atmospheres
IEC 60255 (all parts), Measuring relays and protection equipment
IEC 60331–1, Tests for electric cables under fire conditions – Circuit integrity – Part 1: Test method for fire with shock at a temperature of at least 830 °C for cables of rated voltage up to and including 0,6/1,0 kV and with an overall diameter exceeding 20 mm
IEC 60331–21, Tests for electric cables under fire conditions – Circuit integrity – Part 21: Procedures and requirements – Cables of rated voltage up to and including 0,6/1,0 kV
IEC 60332 (all parts), Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions
IEC 60364 (all parts), Low-voltage electrical installations
IEC 60479–1:2018, Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Part 1: General aspects
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60754 (all parts), Test on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables
IEC TS 60815–1, Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions – Part 1: Definitions, information and general principles
IEC TS 60815–2, Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions – Part 2: Ceramic and glass insulators for a.c. systems
IEC TS 60815–3, Selection and dimensioning of high-voltage insulators intended for use in polluted conditions – Part 3: Polymer insulators for a.c. systems
IEC TR 61000–5–2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines – Section 2: Earthing and cabling
IEC 61034–1, Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions – Part 1: Test apparatus
IEC 61219, Live working – Earthing or earthing and short-circuiting equipment using lances as a short-circuiting device – Lance earthing
IEC 61230, Live working – Portable equipment for earthing or earthing and short-circuiting
IEC TS 61463, Bushings – Seismic qualification
IEC 62271–1:2017, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 1: Common specifications for alternating current switchgear and controlgear
IEC 62271–200, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 200: AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271–201, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 201: AC solid-insulation enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV
IEC 62271–202, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 202: High-voltage/low-voltage prefabricated substation
IEC 62271–203, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 203: Gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear for rated voltages above 52 kV
IEC 62271–207, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 207: Seismic qualification for gas-insulated switchgear assemblies for rated voltages above 52 kV
IEC TR 62271–300, High-voltage switchgear and controlgear – Part 300: Seismic qualification of alternating current circuit-breakers
IEC 62305 (all parts), Protection against lightning
IEC/IEEE 82079–1, Preparation of information for use (instructions for use) of products – Part 1: Principles and general requirements

3Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp

3.1General definitions

3.1.1
electrical equipment
item used for such purposes as generation, conversion, transmission, distribution or utilization of electric energy, such as electric machines, transformers, switchgear and controlgear, measuring instruments, protective devices, wiring systems, current-using equipment
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–826:2004, 826-16-01, modified – In the term, "electric" has been replaced by "electrical".]
3.1.2
nominal value
value of a quantity used to designate and identify a component, device, equipment or system
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–151:2001, 151-16-09, modified – The note has been removed.]
3.1.3
rated value
value of a quantity used for specification purposes, established for a specified set of operating conditions of a component, device, equipment, or system
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–151:2001, 151-16-08]
3.1.4
highest voltage for installation
Um
highest RMS value of phase-to-phase voltage for which the installation is designed in respect of its insulation
Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this document, "highest voltage for installation Um" is equal to "highest voltage for equipment Um" according to IEC 60071–1.
3.1.5
tested connection zone
zone in the vicinity of equipment terminals which has passed a dielectric type test with the appropriate withstand value(s), the applicable conductors being connected to the terminals in a manner specified by the manufacturer of the equipment
3.1.6
isolating distance
<of a pole of a mechanical switching device> clearance between open contacts meeting the safety requirements specified for disconnectors
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–441:2000, 441-17-35]
3.1.7
isolation
switching off or disconnection of an electrical power installation, a part of an electrical power installation or an equipment from all non-earthed conductors by creating isolating gaps or distances
3.1.8
live part
conductor or conductive part intended to be energized in normal operation, including the isolated neutral point
Note 1 to entry: This concept does not necessarily imply a risk of electric shock.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-02-19, modified – "conductor or " has been added at the start of the definition. "neutral conductor and mid-point conductor" has been replaced with "isolated neutral point". LV terms and relation not included.]
3.1.9
feeder
electric line originating at a main substation and supplying one or more secondary substations, or one or more branch lines, or any combination of these two types of installations
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–601:1985, 601-02-08, modified – Branch lines included and the combination of those installations]
3.1.10
ferro-resonance
resonance due to oscillations between the capacitance of an apparatus and the inductance of the saturable magnetic circuit of an adjacent apparatus
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–614:2016, 614-01-19]
3.1.11
transient overvoltage
overvoltage with a duration of a few milliseconds or less, oscillatory or non-oscillatory, usually highly damped
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–614:2016, 614-03-14, modified – The notes to entry have been deleted.]
3.1.12
temporary overvoltage
TOV
power-frequency overvoltage of a relatively long duration
Note 1 to entry: The overvoltage may be undamped or weakly damped. In some cases, its frequency may be several times smaller or higher than power frequency.
[SOURCE: IEC 60071–1:2019, 3.17.1]
3.1.13
high voltage
HV
voltage exceeding 1 000 V AC
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–601:1985, 601-01-27, modified – Fixed limit HV > 1 000 V and synonym to preferred term moved to new line.]
3.1.14
low voltage
LV
voltage not exceeding 1 000 V AC
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–601:1985, 601-01-26, modified – Fixed limit LV ≤ 1 000 V and synonym to preferred term moved to new line.]
3.1.15
operation
all activities, including both electrical and non-electrical work activities, necessary to permit the electric power installation to function
Note 1 to entry: These activities include switching, controlling, monitoring and maintenance.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–151:2001, 151-11-28, modified – Enlarged extent related to electric power installations.]
3.1.16
normal conditions of operation
all operating conditions frequently encountered
Note 1 to entry: These include rated operating conditions, maximum and minimum operating conditions, partial load, normal transients (start-up, shut-down, load changes) and standby situations.
3.1.17
abnormal conditions of operation
operating conditions of low occurrence (typically only a few times during equipment lifetime)
Note 1 to entry: These include human errors, loss of power supply, overvoltages, earthquake, etc. After such a condition has occurred, equipment inspection may be required.
3.1.18
electrical work
work on, with or near an electrical power installation such as testing and measurement, repairing, replacing, modifying, extending, erection and inspection

3.2Definitions concerning electrical power installations

3.2.1
closed electrical operating area
room or location for operation of electrical power installations and equipment to which access is intended to be restricted to skilled or instructed persons or to lay ordinary persons under the supervision of skilled or instructed persons
3.2.2
operating area subject to fire hazard
room, area or location, indoor or outdoor, where there is a danger, due to local or operating conditions, that hazardous quantities of easily flammable materials may come so close to the electrical equipment as to cause a fire hazard resulting from the high temperature of the equipment or due to arcing
3.2.3
sump
receptacle which is intended to receive the insulating liquid of a transformer or other equipment in case of leakage
3.2.4
catchment tank
collecting tank for the leakage liquids, rain water, etc. for one or more transformers or other equipment
3.2.5
busbar
conductor with associated connections, joints and insulated supports forming a common electrical connection between a number of circuits or individual pieces of apparatus

3.3Definitions concerning types of electrical power installations

3.3.1
substation
<of a power system)> part of a power system, concentrated in a given place, including mainly the terminations of transmission or distribution lines, switchgear and housing and which may also include transformers
Note 1 to entry: It generally includes facilities necessary for system security and control (e.g. the protective devices).
Note 2 to entry: According to the nature of the system within which the substation is included, a prefix may qualify it.
EXAMPLE        Transmission substation (of a transmission system), distribution substation, 400 kV substation, 20 kV substation.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–605:1983, 605-01-01, modified – Supplementary information has been moved from the definition to Note 1 to entry.]
3.3.2
power station
installation whose purpose is to generate electricity and which includes civil engineering works, energy conversion equipment and all the necessary ancillary equipment
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–602:1983, 602-01-01]
3.3.3
installations of open design
installations where the equipment does not have protection against direct contact
3.3.4
switchgear 'bay' or 'cubicle'
each branch of a busbar in an electrical power installation

3.4Definitions concerning safety measures against electric shock

3.4.1
protection against direct contact
measures which prevent persons coming into hazardous proximity to live parts or those parts which could carry a hazardous voltage, with parts of their bodies or objects (reaching the danger zone)
3.4.2
protection in case of indirect contact
protection of persons from hazards which could arise, in event of fault, from contact with exposed-conductive-parts of electrical equipment or extraneous-conductive-parts
3.4.3
enclosure
part providing protection of equipment against certain external influences and, in any direction, protection against direct contact
3.4.4
protective barrier
<electrically> part providing protection against direct contact by a human being or livestock with hazardous-live-parts from any usual direction of access
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-06-15, modified – In the definition, "contact" has been replaced with "direct contact".]
3.4.5
protective obstacle
part preventing unintentional direct contact, but not preventing direct contact by deliberate action
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–826:2004, 826-12-24]

3.5Definitions concerning clearances

3.5.1
clearance
distance between two conductive parts along a string stretched the shortest way between these conductive parts
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–441:1984, 441-17-31]
3.5.2
minimum clearance
smallest permissible clearance in air between live parts or between live parts and earth
3.5.3
protective barrier clearance
smallest permissible clearance between a protective barrier and live parts or those parts which may become subject to a hazardous voltage
3.5.4
protective obstacle clearance
smallest permissible clearance between a protective obstacle and live parts or those parts which may become subject to a hazardous voltage
3.5.5
danger zone
in the case of high voltage, area limited by the minimum clearance around hazardous-live-parts without complete protection
Note 1 to entry: Entering the danger zone is considered the same as touching hazardous-live-parts.
[SOURCE: IEC 61140:2016, 3.35]
3.5.6
minimum clearance of danger zone
N
clearance which describes the area of danger zone around hazardous-live-parts without complete protection against direct contact
Note 1 to entry: The values for minimum clearance of danger zone in Table 2, Table 3 and Annex A are designated as "N".
Note 2 to entry: The safety clearances as given in Clause 7 are based on the minimum clearance of danger zone.
3.5.7
boundary clearance
smallest permissible clearance between an external fence and live parts or those parts which may become subject to a hazardous voltage
3.5.8
minimum height
smallest permissible vertical clearance between accessible surfaces and live parts without protection against direct contact or those parts which may become subject to a hazardous voltage
3.5.9
standard short-duration power-frequency voltage
sinusoidal voltage with frequency between 48 Hz and 62 Hz, and duration of 60 s
[SOURCE: IEC 60071–1:2019, 3.18.1]
3.5.10
standard rated short-duration power-frequency withstand voltage
RMS value standardized as withstand voltage for levels of specified standard short-duration power-frequency voltages
Note 1 to entry: See IEC 60071–1:2019, 5.6 for specified voltage levels.
3.5.11
standard lightning impulse voltage
impulse voltage having a front time of 1,2 μs and a time to half-value of 50 μs
[SOURCE: IEC 60071–1:2019, 3.18.3, modified – "voltage" added to term.]
3.5.12
standard rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
peak value, standardized as withstand voltage of standard lightning impulse voltage
Note 1 to entry: See 60071-1 2019, 5.7 for specified values.
3.5.13
standard switching impulse voltage
impulse voltage having a time to peak of 250 μs and a time to half-value of 2 500 μs
[SOURCE: IEC 60071–1:2019, 3.18.2, modified – "voltage" added to term.]
3.5.14
standard rated switching impulse withstand voltage
peak value, standardized as withstand voltage of standard switching impulse voltage
Note 1 to entry: See 60071-1 2019, 5.7 for specified values.

3.6Definitions concerning control and protection

3.6.1
interlocking device
device which makes the operation of a switching device dependent upon the position or operation of one or more other pieces of equipment
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–441:1984, 441-16-49]
3.6.2
local control
control of an operation at a point on or adjacent to the controlled switching device
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–441:1984, 441-16-06]
3.6.3
remote control
control of operation at a point distant from the controlled switching device
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–441:1984, 441-16-07]
3.6.4
automatic reclosing
reclosing of a circuit-breaker associated with a faulted section of a network by automatic means after a time interval which permits that section to recover from a transient fault
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–614:2016, 614-02-29]

3.7Definitions concerning earthing

3.7.1
local earth
local ground (US)
part of the Earth that is in electric contact with an earth electrode and that has an electric potential not necessarily equal to zero
Note 1 to entry: The conductive mass of the Earth, whose electric potential at any point is conventionally taken as equal to zero.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-01-03, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.7.2
reference earth
reference ground (US)
part of the Earth considered as conductive, the electric potential of which is conventionally taken as zero, being outside the zone of influence of the relevant earthing arrangement
Note 1 to entry: The concept "Earth" means the planet and all its physical matter.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-01-01, modified –"any earthing arrangement" has been replaced with "the relevant earthing arrangement".]
3.7.3
earth electrode
ground electrode (US)
<electrical power installations> conductive part, which may be embedded in a specific conductive medium, e.g. in concrete or coke, in electric contact with the Earth
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:1998, 195-02-01, modified – "<electrical power installation>” has been added.]
3.7.4
earthing conductor
grounding conductor (US)
conductor which provides a conductive path, or part of the conductive path, between a given point in a system or in an installation or in equipment and an earth electrode
Note 1 to entry: Where the connection between part of the installation and the earth electrode is made via a disconnecting link, disconnecting switch, surge arrester counter, surge arrester control gap, etc., then only that part of the connection permanently attached to the earth electrode is an earthing conductor.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-02-03, modified – In the definition, "forming a conductive path between a conductive part" has been replaced with "which provides a conductive path, or part of the conductive path, between a given point in a system or in an installation or in equipment". Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.7.5
bonding conductor
protective conductor for ensuring equipotential bonding
3.7.6
earthing system
grounding system (US)
arrangement of electric connections and devices involved necessary to earth equipment or a system separately or jointly
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–826:2004, 826-13-04, modified – In the terms, "system" has been replaced by "arrangement". The definition clarifies that involved parts can be separately or jointly earthed.]
3.7.7
structural earth electrode
metal part, which is in conductive contact with the earth or with water directly or via concrete, whose original purpose is not earthing, but which fulfils all requirements of an earth electrode without impairment of the original purpose
Note 1 to entry: Examples of structural earth electrodes are pipelines, sheet piling, concrete reinforcement bars in foundations and the steel structure of buildings, etc.
3.7.8
electric resistivity of soil
ρE
resistivity of a typical sample of soil
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:1998, 195-01-19]
3.7.9
resistance to earth
RE
real part of the impedance to earth
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:1998, 195-01-18]
3.7.10
impedance to earth
ZE
impedance at a given frequency between a specified point in a system or in an installation or in equipment and reference earth
Note 1 to entry: The impedance to earth is determined by the directly connected earth electrodes and also by connected overhead earth wires and wires buried in earth of overhead lines, by connected cables with earth electrode effect and by other earthing systems which are conductively connected to the relevant earthing system by conductive cable sheaths, shields, PEN conductors or in another way. Impedance to earth is composed of the resistance to earth of the substation and connected parallel impedances such as overhead ground wires and cable sheaths.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-01-17, modified – The symbol ZE and Note 1 to entry have been added.]
3.7.11
earth potential rise
EPR
UE
voltage between an earthing system and reference earth
3.7.12
touch voltage
UT
<effective> voltage between conductive parts when touched simultaneously
Note 1 to entry: The value of the effective touch voltage may be appreciably influenced by the impedance of the person in electric contact with these conductive parts.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-05-11, modified – The symbol UT has been added. In the definition, "by a human being or livestock" has been deleted. In Note 1 to entry, "of the human being or livestock" has been replaced by "of the person".]
3.7.13
permissible touch voltage
UTp
limit value of touch voltage UT
3.7.14
prospective touch voltage
UvT
voltage between simultaneously accessible conductive parts when those conductive parts are not being touched
3.7.15
prospective permissible touch voltage
UvTp
limit value of prospective touch voltage UvT
3.7.16
step voltage
voltage between two points on the Earth's surface that are 1 m distant from each other
Note 1 to entry: 1 m is considered to be the stride length of a person.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-05-12, modified – In the definition, "that are 1 m distant from each other" has been added. Note 1 to entry has been replaced.]
3.7.17
transferred potential
potential rise of an earthing system caused by a current to earth transferred by means of a connected conductor (for example a metallic cable sheath, PEN conductor, pipeline, rail) into areas with low or no potential rise relative to reference earth, resulting in a potential difference occurring between the conductor and its surroundings
Note 1 to entry: The definition also applies where a conductor, which is connected to reference earth, leads into the area of the potential rise.
3.7.18
stress voltage
voltage appearing during earth fault conditions between an earthed part or enclosure of equipment or device and any other of its parts and which could affect its normal operation or safety
3.7.19
global earthing system
equivalent earthing system created by the interconnection of local earthing systems that ensures, by the proximity of the earthing systems, that there are no dangerous touch voltages
Note 1 to entry: Such systems permit the division of the earth fault current in a way that results in a reduction of the earth potential rise at the local earthing system. Such a system could be said to form a quasi-equipotential surface.
Note 2 to entry: The existence of a global earthing system may be determined by sample measurements or calculation for typical systems. Typical examples of global earthing systems are in city centres; urban or industrial areas with distributed low- and high-voltage earthing.
3.7.20
multi-earthed HV neutral conductor
multi-grounded HV neutral conductor (US)
neutral conductor of a distribution line connected to the earthing system of the source transformer and regularly earthed
3.7.21
exposed-conductive-part
conductive part of equipment that can be touched and that is not live under normal conditions, but that can become live when basic insulation fails
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-06-10]
3.7.22
extraneous-conductive-part
conductive part not forming part of the electrical power installation and likely to introduce an electric potential, generally the electric potential of a local earth
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-06-11, modified – In the definition, "electrical installation" has been replaced with "electrical power installation".]
3.7.23
PEN conductor
conductor combining the functions of both a protective earthing conductor and a neutral conductor
[SOURCE: IEC 60050–195:2021, 195-02-12]
3.7.24
earth fault
ground fault (US)
fault caused by a conductor being connected to earth or by the insulation resistance to earth becoming less than a specified value
Note 1 to entry: Earth faults of two or several phase conductors of the same system at different locations are designated as double or multiple earth faults.
3.7.25
earth fault current
IF
current which flows from the main circuit to earth or earthed parts at the fault location
Note 1 to entry: For single earth faults, this is in systems with:
isolated neutral, the capacitive earth fault current;
high resistive earthing, the RC composed earth fault current;
resonant earthing, the earth fault residual current;
solid or low impedance neutral earthing, the line-to-earth short-circuit current.
Note 2 to entry: Further earth fault current may result from double earth fault and line to line to earth
30mm
20mm
15mm
15mm
10mm
17mm

Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
Gulf StandardGSO IEC 61936-1:2023
GSO IEC 61936-1:2023Gulf Standard
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IEEE 980, Guide for containment and control of oil spills in substations
IEEE Guide 998:1996, IEEE Guide for Direct Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations
ISO 1996–1, Acoustics – Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise – Part 1: Basic quantities and assessment-procedures
ISO 26800, Ergonomics – General approach, principles and concepts
ISO 31000, Risk management – Guidelines
ISO 7149, Continuous handling equipment – Safety code – Special rules
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