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ISO 20474-1:2017(en)
ISO - Cover page
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety requirements and protective measures
 4.1 General
 4.2 Access systems
  4.2.1 General requirements
  4.2.2 Access to articulated machines
 4.3 Operator's station
  4.3.1 General requirements
  4.3.2 Operator's station equipped with a cab
  4.3.3 Operator-protective structures
  4.3.4 Falling-object protective structures (FOPS)
  4.3.5 Elevating operator's station
  4.3.6 Replacement of operator protective structure
 4.4 Seats
  4.4.1 Operator's seat
  4.4.2 Additional seat
 4.5 Operator's controls and indicators
  4.5.1 General
  4.5.2 Starting and stopping system
  4.5.3 Inadvertent activation
  4.5.4 Pedals
  4.5.5 Emergency attachment lowering
  4.5.6 Uncontrolled motion
  4.5.7 Remote control
  4.5.8 Visual displays/control panels, indicators and symbols
  4.5.9 Ride-on machine controls accessible from ground level
  4.5.10 Non-riding machine controls
 4.6 Steering systems
  4.6.1 General
  4.6.2 Wheeled machines
  4.6.3 Crawler machines
 4.7 Brake systems
 4.8 Visibility
  4.8.1 Operator's field of view
  4.8.2 Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices
 4.9 Warning devices and safety signs
 4.10 Tyres and rims
 4.11 Stability
 4.12 Object handling
  4.12.1 Lifting devices for object handling
  4.12.2 Lowering control device
 4.13 Noise
  4.13.1 Requirements for noise reduction
  4.13.2 Noise emission measurement
 4.14 Protective measures and devices
  4.14.1 Contaminated area
  4.14.2 Hot parts
  4.14.3 Moving parts
  4.14.4 Guards
  4.14.5 Articulated frame lock
  4.14.6 Sharp edges and acute angles
  4.14.7 Fenders
 4.15 Retrieval, transportation, lifting and towing
  4.15.1 Common use
  4.15.2 Retrieval
  4.15.3 Tying-down
  4.15.4 Lifting
  4.15.5 Off-road towing
  4.15.6 Transportation
 4.16 Electrical and electronic systems
  4.16.1 General
  4.16.2 Degree of protection
  4.16.3 Electrical connections
  4.16.4 Over-current protective devices
  4.16.5 Batteries
  4.16.6 Battery disconnection
  4.16.7 Electrical connectors for auxiliary starting aids
  4.16.8 Electric sockets for lighting
 4.17 Pressurized systems
  4.17.1 General requirements
  4.17.2 Hydraulic lines
  4.17.3 Hydraulic hose assemblies
  4.17.4 Air pressure vessels
 4.18 Fuel tanks, diesel emission fluid tanks and hydraulic oil tanks
  4.18.1 General requirements
  4.18.2 Filler openings
  4.18.3 Fuel tanks
 4.19 Fire protection
  4.19.1 Fire resistance
  4.19.2 Fire extinguisher
 4.20 Attachments
  4.20.1 General
  4.20.2 Identification
  4.20.3 Instructions
  4.20.4 Quick couplers
  4.20.5 Lifting devices
 4.21 Maintenance
  4.21.1 General
  4.21.2 Routine maintenance
  4.21.3 Support devices
  4.21.4 Access to the engine compartment
  4.21.5 Tiltable cab support device
 4.22 Underground operation in non-explosive atmosphere
 4.23 Rear-mounted winch
  4.23.1 Mounting
  4.23.2 Controls
  4.23.3 Protection
 4.24 Speed limit for non-riding machines
5 ​Verification of safety requirements and protective measures
6 Information for use
 6.1 Safety labels
 6.2 Operator's manual
 6.3 Machine marking
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards
Annex B (normative) Requirements for elevating operator's stations
Annex C (normative) Requirements for lifting devices used in object handling
Annex D (normative) Requirements for earth-moving machinery used underground in non‑explosive atmospheres
Bibliography
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International

Standard

ISO 20474-1
Earth-moving machinery — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements
Engins de terrassement — Sécurité —
Partie 1: Sécurité
Reference number
ISO 20474-1:2017(en)
Second edition
2017-07
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Contents Page

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 127, Earth-moving machinery, Subcommittee SC 2, Safety, ergonomics and general requirements.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 20474-1:2008), which has been technically revised with the following changes:
normative references have been updated;
references to national and regional provisions in the withdrawn ISO/TS 20474-14 have been deleted;
new safety requirements and protective measures have been added, including the normative annexes, requirements for elevating operator’s stations, for lifting devices used in object handling and for earth-moving machinery used underground in non-explosive atmospheres.
It is intended to be used in conjunction with the other parts of ISO 20474.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20474 series, published under the general title, Earth-moving machinery — Safety, can be found on the ISO website.

Introduction

This document is a type-C standard as stated in ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or B standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C standard.
ISO 20474 provides acceptable safety requirements for earth-moving machinery. This standard does not necessarily provide requirements to meet all national and regional regulatory provisions, e.g. Japan does not allow object handling with earth-moving machinery.
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International Standard ISO 20474-1:2017(en)
Earth-moving machinery — Safety —
Part 1:
General requirements

1 Scope

This document specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, each of these requirements being common to two or more earth-moving machine families. It is also applicable to machine attachments, and to derivative machinery designed primarily for equipment used to excavate, load, transport, drill, spread, compact or trench earth, rock, and other materials.
It is intended to be used in conjunction with the other parts of ISO 20474, which give the provisions that are specific to particular machine families. Those specific requirements take precedence over the requirements of this document for the machines concerned. For multipurpose machinery, all of those parts of ISO 20474 whose requirements cover the functions and applications of such machines are applicable.
EXAMPLE For a compact loader also used as a trencher, the relevant requirements of ISO 20474-1, ISO 20474-3 and ISO 20474-10 are applicable.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance.
Specific requirements related to autonomous machines are covered in ISO 17757.
This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2860, Earth-moving machinery — Minimum access dimensions
ISO 2867, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems
ISO 3164, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluations of protective structures — Specifications for deflection-limiting volume
ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator space envelope
ISO 3449, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance requirements
ISO 3450, Earth-moving machinery — Wheeled or high-speed rubber-tracked machines — Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems
ISO 3457:2003, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements
ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Roll-over protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance requirements
ISO 3795, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings
ISO 3864-2, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 2: Design principles for product safety labels
ISO 4250-3, Earth-mover tyres and rims — Part 3: Rims
ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their components
ISO 4871, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment
ISO 5006, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's field of view — Test method and performance criteria
ISO 5010, Earth-moving machinery — Rubber-tyred machines — Steering requirements
ISO 6011, Earth-moving machinery — Visual display of machine operation
ISO 6014, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed
ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions
ISO 6395, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of sound power level — Dynamic test conditions
ISO 6396, Earth-moving machinery — Determination of emission sound pressure level at operator's position — Dynamic test conditions
ISO 6405-1, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols
ISO 6405-2, Earth-moving machinery — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Specific symbols for machines, equipment and accessories
ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls
ISO 6683, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance requirements and tests
ISO 6750, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's manual — Content and format
ISO 7096:2000, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
ISO 8643, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering control device — Requirements and tests
ISO 9244, Earth-moving machinery — Machine safety labels — General principles
ISO 9533, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns — Test methods and performance criteria
ISO 10263-2, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 2: Air filter element test method
ISO 10263-3, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 3: Pressurization test method
ISO 10263-4:2009, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 4: Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) test method and performance
ISO 10264, Earth-moving machinery — Key-locked starting systems
ISO 10265, Earth-moving machinery — Crawler machines — Performance requirements and test procedures for braking systems
ISO 10532, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted retrieval device — Performance requirements
ISO 10533, Earth-moving machinery — Lift-arm support devices
ISO 10570, Earth-moving machinery — Articulated frame lock — Performance requirements
ISO 10968, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's controls
ISO 11112:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Operator's seat — Dimensions and requirements
ISO 11862, Earth-moving machinery — Auxiliary starting aid electrical connector
ISO 12100, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 12508, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of edges
ISO 12509, Earth-moving machinery — Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices
ISO 12509:2004, Earth-moving machinery — Lighting, signalling and marking lights, and reflex-reflector devices
ISO 13031, Earth-moving machinery — Quick couplers — Safety
ISO 13333, Earth-moving machinery — Dumper body support and operator's cab tilt support devices
ISO 13459, Earth-moving machinery — Trainer seat — Deflection limiting volume, space envelope and performance requirements
ISO 13766 (all parts), Earth-moving machinery — Electromagnetic compatibility
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design
ISO 13857, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs
ISO 14401-1, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors — Part 1: Test methods
ISO 14401-2, Earth-moving machinery — Field of vision of surveillance and rear-view mirrors — Part 2: Performance criteria
ISO 14990-1, Earth-moving machinery — Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 14990-2, Earth-moving machinery — Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems — Part 2: Particular requirements for externally-powered machines
ISO 14990-3, Earth-moving machinery — Electrical safety of machines utilizing electric drives and related components and systems — Part 3: Particular requirements for self-powered machines
ISO 15817, Earth-moving machinery — Safety requirements for remote operator control systems
ISO 15818, Earth-moving machinery — Lifting and tying-down attachment points — Performance requirements
ISO 15998, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-control systems (MCS) using electronic components — Performance criteria and tests for functional safety
ISO 16001, Earth-moving machinery — Object detection systems and visibility aids – Performance requirements and tests
ISO 16528-1, Boilers and pressure vessels — Part 1: Performance requirements
ISO 16528-2, Boilers and pressure vessels — Part 2: Procedures for fulfilling the requirements of ISO 16528-1
ISO 17063, Earth-moving machinery — Braking systems of pedestrian-controlled machines — Performance requirements and test procedures
ISO 19014-11
1 Under preparation.
, Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 1: Methodology to determine safety-related parts of the control system and performance requirements
ISO 19014-31), Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 3: Environmental performance and test requirements of electronic and electrical components used in safety-related parts of the control system
ISO 21507, Earth-moving machinery — Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
EN 1677-2:2000+A1:2008, Components for slings — Safety — Part 2: Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, Grade 8
EN 1679-1, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Safety — Part 1: Compression ignition engines

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12100 and ISO 6165, and the following, apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
earth-moving machinery
self-propelled or towed machine on wheels, crawlers or legs, having equipment (3.3) or attachment (3.2), or both, primarily designed to perform excavation, loading, transportation, drilling, spreading, compacting or trenching of earth, rock and other materials
Note 1 to entry: Earth-moving machinery can be of a type either directly controlled by an operator riding or not riding on the machine, or can be remotely controlled by wired or wireless means with or without direct view on the working area
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2012, 3.1]
3.1.1
compact machine
earth-moving machinery (3.1), except for compact excavators and compact loaders, having an operating mass (3.8) of 4 500 kg or less
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2012, 3.1.1]
3.1.2
derivative earth-moving machinery
earth-moving machinery (3.1) that is a combination of features from other earth-moving machine families, creating a different configuration or arrangement
EXAMPLE        Machine having the front-mounted equipment of a loader and a non-self-loading, rear-mounted dumper body.
[SOURCE: ISO 6165:2012, 3.11.1]
3.2
attachment
working tool
assembly of components that can be mounted onto the base machine (3.15) or equipment (3.3) for specific use
[SOURCE: ISO 6746‑2:2003, 3.5]
3.3
equipment
set of components mounted onto the base machine (3.15) that allows an attachment (3.2) to perform the primary design function of the machine
[SOURCE: ISO 6746‑2:2003, 3.4]
3.4
quick coupler
quick hitch
attachment bracket
device mounted on the earth-moving machinery (3.1) to allow the quick interchange of attachments (3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 13031:2016, 3.1]
3.5
object handling
application of earth-moving machinery (3.1) comprising lifting, lowering and transporting of a load by use of lifting accessories, whereby the assistance of a person or the operator of the machine is required for hooking, unhooking or stabilizing (while transporting) the load
Note 1 to entry: If the load is picked up by a self-acting device and no assistance of a person is required for hooking, unhooking and stabilizing the load, this work is considered as a usual earth-moving application.
Note 2 to entry: Lifting accessories include wire ropes, chains or textile straps; loads in object handling applications include pipes and vessels; examples of self-acting devices are grabs, clamshell buckets, log clamps, vacuum lifting devices, magnetic plates and forks.
3.6
maximum rated operating capacity
maximum rated lift capacity
<object handling> maximum load which can be lifted in at least one position of the working range as specified by the manufacturer (e.g. on the rated object handling capacity table) in the most stable configuration (such as with outriggers down)
Note 1 to entry: A definition of rated operating capacity for loaders given in ISO 14397-1 is used in ISO 20474-3 and ISO 20474-4.
Note 2 to entry: Rated lift capacity forms the subject of ISO 10567 and is the term used in ISO 20474-5.
3.7
routine maintenance
maintenance that is specified in the periodic maintenance schedule of the operator’s manual for performing scheduled daily/weekly/monthly maintenance on the machine
3.8
operating mass
mass of the base machine (3.15), with equipment (3.3) and empty attachment (3.2) in the most usual configuration as specified by the manufacturer, and with the operator (75 kg), full fuel tank and all fluid systems (i.e. hydraulic oil, transmission oil, engine oil, engine coolant) at the levels specified by the manufacturer and, when applicable, with sprinkler water tank(s) half full
[SOURCE: ISO 6016:2008, 3.2.1, modified — Notes to the definition have not been included.]
3.9
relevant hazard
hazard which is identified as being present at, or associated with, the machine
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.7]
3.10
significant hazard
hazard which has been identified as relevant and which requires specific action by the designer to eliminate or to reduce the risk according to the risk assessment
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.8]
3.11
lifting device
device fixed or incorporated to the attachment/working tool (3.2) or equipment (3.3) of the earth-moving machinery (3.1) used for object handling, excluding attachable hook (3.14)
3.12
sling
assembly of slinging components, e.g. chain, wire rope or textile material, joined to upper or lower terminals suitable for attaching loads to the lifting point
3.13
rated lifting load
RLL
maximum mass for which the lifting device (3.11) is designed
Note 1 to entry: The RLL can be different from the rated operating capacity/lift capacity of the machine.
3.14
attachable hook
component intended to be fixed to the attachment (3.2) (working tool) or the equipment (3.3) of the earth-moving machinery (3.1), either welded or bolted
3.15
base machine
earth-moving machinery (3.1) with a cab or canopy and operator protective structures if required, without equipment (3.3) or attachments (3.2) but possessing the necessary mountings for such equipment (3.3) and attachments (3.2)
[SOURCE: ISO 6016:2008, 3.1.1]
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Bibliography
[1]
ISO 5353, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Seat index point
[2]
ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components
[3]
ISO 6746-1, Earth-moving machinery — Definitions of dimensions and codes — Part 1: Base machine
[4]
ISO 6746-2, Earth-moving machinery — Definitions of dimensions and codes — Part 2: Equipment and attachments
[5]
ISO 6749, Earth-moving machinery — Preservation and storage
[6]
ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
[7]
ISO 7010:2011, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs
[8]
ISO 7597, Forged steel lifting hooks with latch, grade 8
[9]
ISO 8084, Machinery for forestry — Operator protective structures — Laboratory tests and performance requirements
[10]
ISO 9247:1990, Earth-moving machinery — Electrical wires and cables — Principles of identification and marking. Amended by ISO 9247:1990/Amd 1
[11]
ISO 9606-1, Qualification testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels
[12]
ISO 10261, Earth-moving machinery — Product identification numbering system
[13]
ISO 10263-5, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 5: Windscreen defrosting system test method
[14]
ISO 10567, Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators — Lift capacity
[15]
ISO/TR 11688-1, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 1: Planning
[16]
ISO/TR 11688-2, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment — Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise design
[17]
ISO 13732-1, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces
[18]
ISO 14396, Reciprocating internal combustion engines — Determination and method for the measurement of engine power — Additional requirements for exhaust emission tests in accordance with ISO 8178
[19]
ISO 14397-1, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load
[20]
ISO 15667, Acoustics — Guidelines for noise control by enclosures and cabins
[21]
ISO 17757, Earth-moving machinery and mining — Autonomous and semi-autonomous machine system safety
[22]
ISO 19472, Machinery for forestry — Winches — Dimensions, performance and safety
[23]
ISO/TR 25398, Earth-moving machinery — Guidelines for assessment of exposure to whole-body vibration of ride-on machines — Use of harmonized data measured by international institutes, organizations and manufacturers
[24]
IEC 61310-1, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for visual, acoustic and tactile signals
[25]
FMVSS 205, Glazing material
[26]
ANSI Z26.1, Review task force
[27]
EN 791, Drillrigs — Safety
[28]
JIS R3211, Safety glazing materials for road vehicles
[29]
UNECE, Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval and reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe)
[30]
ECE R34, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the prevention of fire risks
[31]
ECE R43, Annex 5, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing and glazing material. Uniformly-Toughened Glass Panes
[32]
ECE R43 (rev. 2), Uniform provisions concerning the approval of safety glazing and glazing materials and their installation on vehicles
[33]
ECE R46, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of rear-view mirrors, and of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of rear-view mirrors
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1 Under preparation.