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4 Principle
5 General
6 Test pieces
6.1 General
6.2 Dumbbells
6.3 Rings
7 Apparatus
7.1 Dies and cutters
7.2 Thickness gauge
7.3 Cone gauge
7.4 Tensile-testing machine
7.5 Test rig for ring test pieces
8 Calibration
9 Number of test pieces
10 Preparation of test pieces
10.1 Dumbbells
10.2 Rings
11 Conditioning of sample and test pieces
11.1 Time between vulcanization and testing
11.2 Protection of samples and test pieces
11.3 Conditioning of samples
11.4 Conditioning of test pieces
12 Marking of dumbbell test pieces
13 Measurement of test pieces
13.1 Dumbbells
13.2 Rings
13.3 Comparison of groups of test pieces
14 Procedure
14.1 Dumbbell test pieces
14.2 Ring test pieces
15 Temperature of test
16 Calculation of results
16.1 Dumbbells
16.2 Ring test pieces
17 Expression of results
18 Precision
19 Test report
Annex A (informative) Preparation of type B ring test pieces
Annex B (informative) Precision
Annex C (informative) Analysis of ITP data and dumbbell shape
Annex D (normative) Calibration schedule
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International Standard ISO 37 | |
Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique — Détermination des caractéristiques de contrainte-déformation en traction Reference number ISO 37:2024(en) | Seventh edition 2024-05
© ISO 2024
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COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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ContentsPage
4 Principle
5 General
6 Test pieces
6.1 General
6.2 Dumbbells
6.3 Rings
7 Apparatus
7.1 Dies and cutters
7.2 Thickness gauge
7.3 Cone gauge
7.4 Tensile-testing machine
7.5 Test rig for ring test pieces
8 Calibration
9 Number of test pieces
10 Preparation of test pieces
10.1 Dumbbells
10.2 Rings
11 Conditioning of sample and test pieces
11.1 Time between vulcanization and testing
11.2 Protection of samples and test pieces
11.3 Conditioning of samples
11.4 Conditioning of test pieces
12 Marking of dumbbell test pieces
13 Measurement of test pieces
13.1 Dumbbells
13.2 Rings
13.3 Comparison of groups of test pieces
14 Procedure
14.1 Dumbbell test pieces
14.2 Ring test pieces
15 Temperature of test
16 Calculation of results
16.1 Dumbbells
16.2 Ring test pieces
17 Expression of results
18 Precision
19 Test report
Annex A (informative) Preparation of type B ring test pieces
Annex B (informative) Precision
Annex C (informative) Analysis of ITP data and dumbbell shape
Annex D (normative) Calibration schedule
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis.
This seventh edition cancels and replaces the sixth edition (ISO 37:2017), which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
—
a calibration schedule has been added;
—
corrections made to black designations;
—
symbols changed to comply with the ISO/IEC Directives part 2.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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WARNING 1Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices.
WARNING 2Certain procedures specified in this document might involve the use or generation of substances, or the generation of waste, that could constitute a local environmental hazard. Reference should be made to appropriate documentation on safe handling and disposal after use.
1Scope
This document specifies a method for the determination of the tensile stress-strain properties of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers.
The properties which can be determined are tensile strength, elongation at break, stress at a given elongation, elongation at a given stress, stress at yield and elongation at yield. The measurement of stress and strain at yield applies only to some thermoplastic rubbers and certain other compounds.
2Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipment — Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of traverse) — Specification
ISO 18899, Guide to the calibration of test equipment
ISO 23529:2016, Rubber — General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods
3Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
—
IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
—
ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
tensile stress
S
stress applied so as to extend the test piece
Note 1 to entry: It is calculated as the applied force per unit area of the original cross-section of the test length.
3.2
elongation
E
tensile strain, expressed as a percentage of the test length, produced in the test piece by a tensile stress (3.1)
3.3
3.4
3.5
elongation at break
Eb
tensile strain in the test length at breaking point
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.6
elongation at a given stress
ES
tensile strain in the test length when the test piece is subjected to a given tensile stress (3.1)
3.7
stress at a given elongation
SE
Note 1 to entry: In the rubber industry, this definition is widely identified with the term “modulus” and care should be taken to avoid confusion with the other use of “modulus” to denote the slope of the stress-strain curve at a given elongation.
3.8
3.9
elongation at yield
Ey
tensile strain at the first point on the stress-strain curve where some further increase in strain is not accompanied by an increase in stress
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Illustration of tensile terms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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3.10
test length
initial distance between reference points within the length of the narrow portion of a dumbbell test piece used to measure elongation (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
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Bibliography
[1] | ISO 5725-3, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results — Part 3: Intermediate precision and alternative designs for collaborative studies | |
[2] | ISO 6072, Rubber — Compatibility between hydraulic fluids and standard elastomeric materials | |
[3] | ISO/TR 92722, Rubber and rubber products — Determination of precision for test method standards | |
[4] | ISO 13226, Rubber — Standard reference elastomers (SREs) for characterizing the effect of liquids on vulcanized rubbers | |
[5] | ISO 19983, Rubber — Determination of precision of test methods |
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2 Withdrawn and replaced by ISO 19983, Rubber — Determination of precision of test methods.