INTERNATIONAL

STANDARD

ISO
6486-1
Third edition
2019-08



Ceramic ware, glass ceramic ware and glass dinnerware in contact with food — Release of lead and cadmium —
Part 1:
Test method
Vaisselle en céramique, vaisselle en vitrocéramique et vaisselle de table en verre en contact avec les aliments — Émission de plomb et de cadmium —
Partie 1: Méthode d'essai



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Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 166, Ceramic ware, glassware and glass ceramic ware in contact with food.

This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6486-1:1999), which has been technically revised. The main changes to the previous edition are as follows:

technical procedures updated and permissible limits for metal release brought in line with current regulatory limits in major markets and in harmony with as many regional or national standards as is practical.

A list of all parts in the ISO 6486 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

Release of potentially toxic metals, particularly lead and cadmium, from ceramic and glassware surfaces is an issue which requires effective means of control to ensure the protection of the population against possible hazards arising from the use of improperly formulated and/or processed ceramic, glass-ceramic and glass dinnerware used for the preparation, cooking, serving and storage of food and beverages.

As a secondary consideration, different requirements from country to country for the control of the release of toxic metals from the surfaces of ceramic ware present non-tariff barriers to international trade in these commodities. Accordingly, there is a need to maintain internationally accepted methods of testing ware for the release of potentially toxic metals.

The revision of this document was necessary to take into consideration recent developments in the application of the analytical technique inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

The test method is a combination of a leach procedure, which is the core of the document, and of the analytical method.

ICP-MS is the reference analytical method as it is generally considered to be the most accurate analytical method, although other methods have their own merits. Flame atomic absorption is kept as an alternative method. Other validated analytical methods, such as graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) or inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), may also be used, considering the appropriate accuracy to the level of release of lead and cadmium to be measured.

The limits in ISO 6486-2 are set on the basis of a single extraction into the extraction solution. This document specifies that all repeat-use articles are tested three times with fresh extraction solution and the results of the third test reported for conformity with the permissible limits. It has been demonstrated that metal release into the third extraction is always less than the release into the first extraction. Therefore, data from a third extraction will show false conformity with the limits specified in ISO 6486-2. New limits that are appropriate to third extraction data are currently being agreed.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6486-1:2019 (E)
Ceramic ware, glass ceramic ware and glass dinnerware in contact with food — Release of lead and cadmium —
Part 1:
Test method

1 Scope

This document specifies a test method for the release of lead and cadmium from ceramic ware, glass ceramic ware and glass dinnerware intended to be used in contact with food, but excluding vitreous and porcelain enamel articles (covered by ISO 4531).

This document is applicable to ceramic ware, glass ceramic ware and glass dinnerware which is intended to be used for the preparation, cooking, serving and storage of food and beverages, excluding all articles used in food manufacturing industries or in which food is sold.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 385, Laboratory glassware — Burettes
ISO 648, Laboratory glassware — Single-volume pipettes
ISO 1042, Laboratory glassware — One-mark volumetric flasks
ISO 3585, Borosilicate glass 3.3 — Properties
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp

IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/

3.1
atomic absorption
absorption of electromagnetic radiation by free atoms in the gas phase wherein a line spectrum is obtained which is specific for the absorbing atoms
3.2
atomic absorption spectrometry
AAS
spectroanalytical method for qualitative determination and quantitative evaluation of element concentrations wherein the technique determines these concentrations by measuring the atomic absorption (3.1) of free atoms
3.3
flame atomic absorption spectrometry
FAAS
atomic absorption spectrometry (3.2) that uses a flame to create free atoms of the analyte in the gas phase
3.4
graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
GFAAS
atomic absorption spectrometry (3.2) involving electrothermal atomization in a graphite furnace
3.5
inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
ICP-MS
analytical method for qualitative determination and quantitative evaluation of element concentrations by measuring the ions produced by a radiofrequency inductively coupled plasma
Note 1 to entry: In the mass spectrometer the ions are separated and the elements identified according to their mass-to-charge ratio m/z, while the concentration of the elements is proportional to the numbers of ions.
3.6
inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry
ICP-OES
trace-level, elemental analysis technique that uses the emission spectra of a sample to identify and quantify the elements present
3.7
extraction solution
4 % per volume acetic acid solution recovered after the extraction test and which is analysed for lead and cadmium concentration
3.8
reference surface area
area that is intended to come into contact with foodstuffs in normal use
3.9
drinking rim
20 mm-wide section of the external surface of the item, measured downwards from the upper edge along the wall of the item
3.10
test solution
4 % per volume acetic acid solution used in the test to extract lead and cadmium from the article
3.11
ceramic ware
ceramic articles which are intended to be used in contact with foodstuffs, for example foodware (3.16) made of china, porcelain and earthenware, whether glazed or not
3.12
cup
small glass or ceramic hollowware (3.19) of approximately 240 ml capacity with a handle, commonly used for consumption of beverages, for example coffee or tea, at elevated temperature
Note 1 to entry: Cups typically have curved sides and are generally used with a saucer.
3.13
mug
small glass or ceramic hollowware (3.19) of approximately 240 ml capacity with a handle, commonly used for consumption of beverages, for example coffee or tea, at elevated temperature
Note 1 to entry: Mugs typically have cylindrical sides.
3.14
dinnerware
combination of ceramic ware, glass ceramic ware (3.18) and glass ware specially intended for the serving of food on the table, including plates, dishes and salad bowls, but excluding ware typically used for beverages
3.15
flatware
ceramic or glassware (3.17) which has an internal depth not exceeding 25 mm, measured from the lowest point to the horizontal plane passing through the point of overflow
3.16
foodware
articles which are intended to be used for the preparation, cooking, serving and storage of food or drinks
3.17
glassware
articles which are intended to be used in contact with foodstuffs and made of glass
Note 1 to entry: Glass is an inorganic material produced by the complete fusion of raw materials at high temperature into a homogeneous liquid which is then cooled to a rigid condition, essentially without crystallization. The material may be clear, coloured or opaque, depending on the level of colouring and opacifying agents used.
3.18
glass ceramic ware
articles which are intended to be used in contact with foodstuffs and made of glass ceramic
Note 1 to entry: Glass ceramic is an inorganic material produced by the complete fusion of raw materials at high temperatures into a homogeneous liquid which is then cooled to a rigid condition and temperature treated in such a way as to produce a mostly microcrystalline body.
3.19
ceramic hollowware
ceramic ware which has an internal depth greater than 25 mm, measured from the lowest point to the horizontal plane passing through the point of overflow
Note 1 to entry: Hollowware is subdivided into three categories based on volume:

small: hollowware with a capacity of < 1,1 l;

large: hollowware with a capacity of ≥ 1,1 l;

storage: hollowware with a capacity of ≥ 3 l.

Bibliography
[1]
ISO 4531, Vitreous and porcelain enamels — Release from enamelled articles in contact with food — Methods of test and limits
[2]
ISO 6486-2, Ceramic ware, glass-ceramic ware and glass dinnerware in contact with food — Release of lead and cadmium — Part 2: Permissible limits
[3]
ISO 8288, Water quality — Determination of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead — Flame atomic absorption spectrometric methods
[4]
ISO 8391-1, Ceramic cookware in contact with food — Release of lead and cadmium — Part 1: Method of test
[5]
ISO 11885, Water quality — Determination of selected elements by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)
[6]
ISO 17294-1, Water quality — Application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) — Part 1: General guidelines
[7]

European directive 69/493/EEC Council Directive 69/493/EEC of 15 December 1969 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to crystal glass

[8]

“Scoping study on the release of metals from crystalware (in support of the revision of Ceramic Directive 84/500/EEC),” Mercedes Ana Peltzer, Giorgia Beldì, Natalia Jakubowska and Catherine Simoneau. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2015

[9]

“Scoping investigations on the release of metals from the rim area of decorated articles (in support of the revision of Ceramic Directive 84/500/EEC),” Mercedes Ana Peltzer, Giorgia Beldì, Natalia Jakubowska and Catherine Simoneau. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2015

[10]

“Report of two Inter-laboratory comparisons from the European Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Materials - Elements from Food Contact Materials: ILC 03 2014 – Plastics and ILC 04 2014 – Ceramics,” Giorgia Beldì, Mercedes Peltzer and Catherine Simoneau. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015

[11]

“Study on the Release of Metals from Ceramics and Glass/Crystalware in Support of the Revision of Ceramic Directive 84/500/EEC - Part 1: Release of Metals from Ceramic Articles,” Peltzer Mercedes, Beldì Giorgia, Jakubowska Natalia, Simoneau Catherine EUR 27179 EN, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015

[12]

“Precision criteria of methods for the quantification of metals migrated from Food Contact Materials: Pre-validation data derived from ILCs on elements representative for plastics and ceramics,” Giorgia Beldì, Natalia Jakubowska and Catherine Simoneau EUR 27827 EN, JRC100838, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016

[13]

“Testing approaches for the release of metals from ceramic articles - In support of the revision of the Ceramic Directive 84/500/EEC,” Giorgia Beldì, Jakubowska Natalia, Mercedes Peltzer and Catherine Simoneau EUR 28363 EN, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2016

[14]

“Report on the inter-laboratory comparison exercise organised by the European Union Reference Laboratory for Food Contact Materials - Determination of elements in acetic acid solutions and in migration from ceramic and glass tableware,” Jakubowska Natalia, Giorgia Beldì, Catherine Simoneau and Eddo Hoekstra EUR 28690 EN, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017

[15]

Towards suitable tests for the migration of metals from ceramic and crystal tableware: Work in support of the revision of the Ceramic Directive 84/500/EEC”, Catherine Simoneau, Giorgia Beldì, Jakubowska Natalia, Mercedes Peltzer EUR 28872 EN, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2017




ICS 67.250; 81.060.20; 81.040.30; 97.040.60
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