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ISO/IEC 16022:2024(en)
ISO - Cover page
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Mathematical or logical notations
6 Symbol description
 6.1 Basic characteristics
 6.2 Summary of additional features
 6.3 Symbol structure
  6.3.1 General
  6.3.2 Finder pattern
  6.3.3 Symbol sizes and capacities
7 Data Matrix code requirements
 7.1 Encode procedure overview
  7.1.1 General
  7.1.2 Step 1: data encodation
  7.1.3 Step 2: error checking and correcting codeword generation
  7.1.4 Step 3: module placement in matrix
 7.2 Data encodation
  7.2.1 Overview
  7.2.2 Default character interpretation
  7.2.3 ASCII encodation
  7.2.4 Symbology control characters
  7.2.5 C40 encodation
  7.2.6 Text encodation
  7.2.7 ANSI X12 encodation
  7.2.8 EDIFACT encodation
  7.2.9 Base 256 encodation
 7.3 ECI
  7.3.1 General
  7.3.2 Encoding ECIs
  7.3.3 ECIs and Structured Append
  7.3.4 Post-decode protocol
 7.4 Data Matrix symbol attributes
  7.4.1 Symbol sizes and capacity
  7.4.2 Insertion of Alignment Patterns into larger symbols
 7.5 Structured Append
  7.5.1 Basic principles
  7.5.2 Symbol sequence indicator
  7.5.3 File identification
  7.5.4 FNC1 and Structured Append
  7.5.5 Buffered and unbuffered operation
 7.6 Error detection and correction
  7.6.1 Reed-Solomon error correction
  7.6.2 Generating the error correction codewords
  7.6.3 Error correction capacity
 7.7 Symbol construction
  7.7.1 General
  7.7.2 Symbol character placement
  7.7.3 Alignment Pattern module placement
  7.7.4 Finder Pattern module placement
8 Symbol dimensions
9 Symbol quality
 9.1 General
 9.2 Symbol quality parameters
  9.2.1 Fixed pattern damage
  9.2.2 Overall symbol grade
  9.2.3 Decode
  9.2.4 Grid non-uniformity
 9.3 Process control measurements
10 Reference decode algorithm for Data Matrix
11 User guidelines
 11.1 Human readable interpretation
 11.2 Autodiscrimination capability
 11.3 System considerations
12 Transmitted data
 12.1 General
 12.2 Protocol for FNC1
 12.3 Protocol for FNC1 in the second position
 12.4 Protocol for Macro characters in the first position
 12.5 Protocol for ECIs
 12.6 Symbology identifier
 12.7 Transmitted data example
Annex A (normative) Data Matrix interleaving process
Annex B (normative) Data Matrix pattern randomising
Annex C (normative) Data Matrix encodation character sets
Annex D (normative) Data Matrix alignment patterns
Annex E (normative) Data Matrix Reed-Solomon error detection and correction
Annex F (normative) Symbol character placement
Annex G (normative) Data Matrix print quality – symbology-specific aspects
Annex H (normative) Symbology identifier
Annex I (informative) Encode example
Annex J (informative) Encoding data using the minimum symbol data characters
Annex K (informative) Autodiscrimination capability
Annex L (informative) System considerations
Annex M (informative) User considerations
Bibliography
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International

Standard

ISO/IEC 16022
Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Data Matrix bar code symbology specification
Technologies de l'information — Techniques automatiques d'identification et de capture des données — Spécification de symbologie de code à barres Data Matrix
Reference number
ISO/IEC 16022:2024(en)
Third edition
2024-05
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ContentsPage

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/IEC 16022:2006), which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
the extended channel interpretations and rectangular formats have become a mandatory feature;
the historic data matrix variant "ECC 000" to "ECC 140" has been removed;
continuous grading according to ISO/IEC 15415 has been introduced to all quality measurements;
transition ratio grading has been changed;
new quality parameter “print growth” has been added;
the reference decode algorithm has been revised;
the interleaving blocks for 144 x 144 matrix size have been clarified.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and www.iec.ch/national-committees.

Introduction

Data Matrix is a two-dimensional matrix symbology which is made up of nominally square modules arranged within a perimeter finder pattern. Though primarily shown and described in this document as a dark symbol on light background, Data Matrix symbols can also be printed to appear as light on dark.
Manufacturers of bar code equipment and users of the technology need publicly available standard symbology specifications to which they can refer when developing equipment and application standards. The publication of standardised symbology specifications is designed to achieve this.
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International StandardISO/IEC 16022:2024(en)
Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Data Matrix bar code symbology specification

1Scope

This document defines the requirements for the symbology known as Data Matrix. It specifies the Data Matrix symbology characteristics, data character encodation, symbol formats, dimensions and print quality requirements, error correction rules, decoding algorithm, and user-selectable application parameters.
It applies to all Data Matrix symbols produced by any printing or marking technology.

2Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 19762, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques — Harmonized vocabulary
ISO/IEC 15415, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Bar code symbol print quality test specification — Two-dimensional symbols
ISO/IEC 646, Information technology — ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange
ISO/IEC 8859-1, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1
ISO/IEC 29158, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Direct Part Mark (DPM) Quality Guideline

3Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
codeword
symbol character value
intermediate level of coding between source data and the graphical encodation in the symbol
3.2
module
single cell of element in a matrix symbology symbol used to encode one bit of the codeword (3.1)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19762:2016, 04.02.06]
3.3
pattern randomising
procedure to convert an original bit pattern to another bit pattern by inverting selected bits
Note 1 to entry: The resulting bitstream is less likely to have repeating patterns.
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Bibliography
[1]
AIM Inc., ITS/04-001, International Technical Standard: Extended Channel Interpretations — Part 1: Identification Schemes and Protocol, aimglobal.org
[2]
AIM Inc., Matrix Code Developer Software, aimglobal.org
[3]
GS1, "GS1 General Specifications"
[4]
ISO/IEC 21471, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Extended rectangular data matrix (DMRE) bar code symbology specification
[5]
AIM Inc., International Symbology Standard - Data Matrix — AIM BC11 OBSOLETE, aimglobal.org
[6]
ISO/IEC 8859-5, Information technology — 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets — Part 5: Latin/Cyrillic alphabet
[7]
ISO/IEC 15424, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture techniques — Data Carrier Identifiers (including Symbology Identifiers)
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ICS 35.040.50; 01.080.50
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