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ISO/TS 18683:2021(en)
ISO - Cover page
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
 3.1 Terms and definitions
 3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Bunkering supply scenarios
5 Properties and behaviour of LNG
 5.1 General
 5.2 Description and hazards of LNG
 5.3 Potential hazardous situations associated with LNG bunker transfer
 5.4 Composition of LNG as a bunker fuel
6 Safety
 6.1 Objectives
 6.2 General safety principles
 6.3 Approach
7 Risk assessment
 7.1 General
 7.2 Types of risk assessment
 7.3 Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders
 7.4 Approach, scope and basis
 7.5 Mitigation measures
 7.6 Reporting
 7.7 Safety Zone and controlled areas
 7.8 Safety zone determination
 7.9 Determination of monitoring and security areas
 7.10 Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPs)
8 Functional requirements for LNG bunker transfer system
 8.1 General
 8.2 Functional requirements
9 Training
Annex A (informative) Risk acceptance criteria
Annex B (informative) Examples of safety zone calculations
Bibliography
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Technical

Specification

ISO 18683
Guidelines for safety and risk assessment of LNG fuel bunkering operations
Lignes directrices pour la sécurité et l'évaluation des risques des opérations de soutage de GNL
Reference number
ISO/TS 18683:2021(en)
Second edition
2021-11
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ContentsPage

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67, Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries, Subcommittee SC 9, Liquefied natural gas installations and equipment.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/TS 18683:2015), which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
title and scope restricted to Guidelines for safety and risk assessment of LNG fuel bunkering operations;
list of bunkering supply scenarios updated with experience gained since 2015 in Clause 4;
addition of concept of design stage risk assessment and operational risk assessment in 7.1;
addition of Quantitative Consequence Assessment in 7.2;
addition of roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in 7.3;
design requirements removed from Clause 8 to avoid duplication with ISO 20519;
individual Risk Criteria added in Annex A;
three methods added to determine safety zone in Annex B;
to avoid duplication with ISO 20519, the following clauses and annexes have been removed:
Clause 9 Requirements to components and systems;
Clause 11 Requirements for documentation;
Annex C Functional requirements;
Annex D Sample Ship supplier checklist;
Annex E Sample LNG delivery note;
Annex F Arrangement and types of presenting connection;
Annex G Dry disconnect coupling.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

Introduction

The properties, characteristics, and behaviour of LNG differ significantly from conventional marine fuels, such as heavy fuel oils and distillate fuels as marine diesel oil (MDO) or marine gas oil (MGO).
For these reasons, it is essential that all LNG bunkering operations are undertaken with diligence and due attention is paid to prevent leakage of LNG liquid or vapour and to control all sources of ignition. Therefore, it is important that throughout the LNG bunkering chain, each element is carefully designed and has dedicated safety and operational procedures executed by trained personnel.
It is important that the basic requirements laid down in this document are understood and applied to each operation in order to ensure the safe, secure, and efficient transfer of LNG as a fuel to the ship.
The objective of this document is to provide guidance for the risk assessment of LNG fuel bunkering operations and thereby ensuring that an LNG fuelled vessel and bunkering supply facilities are operating with a high level of safety, integrity, and reliability regardless of the type of bunkering supply scenario.
The LNG bunkering interface comprises the area of LNG transfer and includes manifold, valves, safety and security systems and other equipment, and the personnel involved in the LNG bunkering operations.
This document is based on the assumption that the receiving ships and LNG bunkering supply facilities are designed according to the relevant and applicable codes, regulations, and guidelines such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO), ISO, EN, and NFPA standards and the Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF) and other recognized documents during LNG bunkering. Relevant publications by these and other organizations are listed in the Bibliography.
This document should be combined with the requirements set on ISO 20519.
In cases where the distance to third parties is too close and the risk exceeds acceptance criteria, the bunkering location should not to be considered.
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Technical SpecificationISO/TS 18683:2021(en)
Guidelines for safety and risk assessment of LNG fuel bunkering operations

1Scope

This document gives guidance on the risk-based approach to follow for the design and operation of the LNG bunker transfer system, including the interface between the LNG bunkering supply facilities and receiving LNG fuelled vessels.
This document provides requirements and recommendations for the development of a bunkering site and facility and the LNG bunker transfer system, providing the minimum functional requirements qualified by a structured risk assessment approach taking into consideration LNG properties and behaviour, simultaneous operations and all parties involved in the operation.
This document is applicable to bunkering of both seagoing and inland trading vessels. It covers LNG bunkering from shore or ship, mobile to ship and ship to ship LNG supply scenarios, as described in Clause 4.

2Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 73, Risk management — Vocabulary
ISO 31010, Risk management — Guidelines on principles and implementation of risk management
ISO 20519, Ships and marine technology — Specification for bunkering of liquefied natural gas fuelled vessels
IMO IGF Code of Safety for Ships using Gases or other Low flashpoint fuels
IMO IGC International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk
IMO International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers

3Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms

3.1Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 73 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1.1
as low as reasonably practical
ALARP
reducing a risk to a level that represents the point, objectively assessed, at which the time, trouble, difficulty, and cost of further reduction measures become unreasonably disproportionate to the additional risk reduction obtained
3.1.2
boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion
BLEVE
sudden release of the content of a vessel containing a pressurized flammable liquid followed by a fireball
3.1.3
bunkering
process of transferring fuel to a ship
3.1.4
bunkering facility
system designed to be used to transfer/bunker liquefied gas as fuel to a gas-fuelled vessel
Note 1 to entry: It may consist of a floating, shore-based, fixed or mobile fuel-supply facility, such as a bunker vessel, terminal or road tanker.
3.1.5
bunkering site
location dedicated for bunkering comprising the bunkering installations, port and jetty, and other facilities and equipment that should be considered in the planning of bunkering
3.1.6
competent authority
organization or organizations that implement the requirements of legislation and regulate installations that must comply with the requirements of legislation
3.1.7
consequence
outcome of an event
3.1.8
drip tray
spill containment manufactured of material that can tolerate cryogenic temperatures
3.1.9
emergency shut-down
ESD
method that safely and effectively stops the bunker/transfer of natural gas and vapour between the supply facilities and receiving ship
3.1.10
gas-fuelled vessel
GFV
vessel using gas as marine fuel
3.1.11
hazard
potential source of harm
3.1.12
hazard identification
HAZID
brainstorming exercise using checklists where the potential hazards in a project are identified and gathered in a risk register for follow up in the project
3.1.13
impact assessment
assessment of how consequences (fires, explosions, etc.) affect people, structures the environment, etc.
3.1.14
individual risk
probability on an annual basis for an individual to be killed due to accidental events arising from the activity
3.1.15
mist
fog
cloud that will be generated by condensing humidity in air when in contact with cold surfaces during bunkering
Note 1 to entry: This mist will reduce visibility and can mask minor leaks.
3.1.16
monitoring and security area
area around the bunkering facility and ship where ship traffic and other activities are monitored (and controlled) to mitigate harmful effects
3.1.17
probability
extent to which an event is likely to occur
3.1.18
rapid phase transition
RPT
shock wave forces generated by instantaneous vaporization of LNG upon coming in contact with water
3.1.19
receiver
one or more organizations with ownership, operational and/or legal interests in a gas-fuelled vessel
Note 1 to entry: The receiver can be the vessel owner(s), the charterer or the operator.
[SOURCE: Reference [24]]
3.1.20
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
3.1.21
risk analysis
systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk
3.1.22
risk assessment
overall process of risk analysis and risk evaluation
3.1.23
risk contour
two-dimensional representation of risk (e.g. individual risk on a map)
3.1.24
risk evaluation
procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether the tolerable risk has been achieved
3.1.25
safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
3.1.26
safety zone
area around the bunkering station where only dedicated and essential personnel and activities are allowed during bunkering
3.1.27
stakeholder
individual, group, or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a risk
3.28
supplier
one or more organizations with ownership, operational and/ or legal interests in a bunkering facility
Note 1 to entry: The supplier can be the bunker vessel owner, charterer or operator; the LNG bunkering terminal owner or operator; the road tanker fleet manager; the LNG producer; and so on.
[SOURCE: Reference [24]]
3.1.29
tolerable risk
risk that is accepted in a given context based on the current values of society
3.1.30
topping up
final sequence of LNG transfer to ensure correct filling level in receiving tank
3.1.31
water curtain
sprinkler arrangement to protect steel surfaces from direct contact with LNG

3.2Abbreviated terms

BASiL bunkering area safety information for LNG
ERC emergency release coupling
ERS emergency release system
HFO heavy fuel oil
HSE health, safety, and environment
IMO international maritime organization
LNG liquefied natural gas
MGO marine gas oil
PPE personal protective equipment
QualRA qualitative risk assessment
QCA quantitative consequence assessment
QRA quantitative risk assessment
SGMF society for gas as marine fuel
SIMOPS simultaneous operations
STCW seafarers’ training, certification and watchkeeping
NOTELNG is defined in ISO 16903.
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Bibliography
[1]
ISO 9000, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary
[2]
ISO/TS 16901, Guidance on performing risk assessment in the design of onshore LNG installations including the ship/shore interface
[3]
ISO 16903, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Characteristics of LNG, influencing the design, and material selection
[4]
ISO 16904, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Design and testing of LNG marine transfer arms for conventional onshore terminals
[5]
ISO 17776, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Offshore production installations — Major accident hazard management during the design of new installations
[6]
ISO 23306, Specification of liquefied natural gas as a fuel for marine applications
[7]
ISO 28460, Petroleum and natural gas industries — Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas — Ship-to-shore interface and port operations
[8]
IEC 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres — Part 0: Equipment – General requirements
[9]
IEC 60079-10-1, Explosive atmospheres — Part 10-1: Classification of areas — Explosive gas atmospheres
[10]
IEC 62305-3, Protection against lightning — Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard
[11]
IEC 60092-502, Electrical installations in ships — Part 502: Tankers — Special features
[12]
API RP 2003, Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Currents, Sixth Edition
[13]
BS 4089:1999, Metallic hose assemblies for liquefied petroleum gases and liquefied natural gases
[14]
EN 1473, Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas — Design of onshore installations
[15]
EN 1474-2, Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas — Design and testing of marine transfer systems – Part 2: Design and testing of transfer hoses
[16]
EN 1474-3, Installation and equipment for liquefied natural gas — Design and testing of marine transfer systems – Part 3: Offshore transfer systems
[17]
EN 13645, Installations and equipment for liquefied natural gas — Design of onshore installations with a storage capacity between 5 t and 200 t
[18]
NFPA 52, Vehicular Gaseous Fuel System Code, 2010 Edition
[19]
NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code
[20]
NFPA 59A, Standard for the Production, Storage, and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
[21]
NFPA 70, National Electrical Code
[22]
NFPA 302, Fire protection standard for pleasure and commercial motor craft
[23]
Directive 94/9/EC on equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (ATEX)
[24]
SGMF FP 07-01, Safety Guidelines: Bunkering
[25]
SGMF FP 04-02, Bunkering of ships with Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) competency and assessment guidelines
[26]
SGMF FP 02-01, Recommendation of Controlled Zones during LNG bunkering.
[27]
SGMF FP 08-01, Simultaneous Operations (SIMOPs) during LNG bunkering.
[28]
SGMF FP 10-01, Work practices for maintenance, repair and dry dock operations
[29]
SGMF BASiL automated Bunkering Area Safety Information for LNG model.
[30]
SGMF TGN 06-04, Manifold arrangements for gas-fuelled vessels
[31]
SGMF TGN 06-07, Bunker Station Location: Considerations and Recommendations
[32]
SGMF TGN 06-05, recommendations for linked emergency shutdown (ESD) arrangements for LNG bunkering
[33]
SGMF TGN 06-06, LNG bunkering with hose bunker systems: considerations and recommendations
[34]
Health & Safety Executive (2001). Reducing Risks, Protecting People. R2P2.
[35]
IACS bunkering guidelines N 142
[36]
International Maritime Organization (18 June 2015). Revised Guidelines for Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). MSC-MEPC.2 /Circ.12/Rev. 1.
[37]
Besluit externe veiligheid inrichtingen – in Dutch, Trans. Decree of 27 May 2004, concerning environmental quality standards for public safety of environmental management (Decree external safety devices). Full translation from Dutch to English at https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0016767/geldigheidsdatum_21-06-2011. Refer to Section 5, Article 12, 1b.
[38]
Handreiking verantwoordingsplicht groepsrisico – in Dutch, Trans. Societal Risk Accountability Guidelines. Also refer to: VROM. (2004). Guidance on the Duty of Accountability for Societal Risk.
[39]
NSW Government Planning (2011). Hazardous Industry Planning Advisory Paper No 4. Risk Criteria for Land Use Safety Planning.
[40]
Process Leak for Offshore installation Frequency Assessment Model (PLOFAM)- Main Report, Lloyds Register report number 105586/R1, 2016
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